DSM-5 MENTAL DISORDERS

Onset during development with deficits in intellectual, social, and practical areas of functioning; deficits manifest in reasoning, problem solving, and abstract thinking as confirmed by various standardized tests of intelligence. Additionally, adaptive functioning deficits manifested in failure to live independently and to be socially responsible. Deficits limit functioning in home, school, and community.

Persistent difficulties, with onset during early development, in the learning and use of language in its various forms (written, spoken) due to deficits in comprehension or production. Deficits (as being significantly below accepted age norms) manifested in reduced vocabulary, inability to express oneself due to limited sentence structure, and impaired discursive abilities. Difficulties are not attributable to an underlying medical condition.

Characterized by persistent problems in social interaction and communication across a wide range of activities, including reduced ability to share emotions and interests, and poor ability in communication and understanding both verbal and nonverbal cues and gestures. Also indicated by repetitious behaviors and patterns, insistence on sameness in routines, and fixation on restricted interests. Heightened sensitivity or lack thereof to environmental sensory stimuli.

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Characterized by problems in learning across a range of academic activities.

Manifested by poor writing skills and reading comprehension, and/or difficulty in learning numerical concepts and applying numerical reasoning skills. Condition persists despite intervention to improve academic skills and is not better explained by intellectual disabilities, specific sensory deficits, or other extraneous factors.

Characterized by excessive clumsiness and awkwardness as manifested by poor learning and performance of coordinated motor skills, with performance significantly below accepted age norms. Conditions' onset is early in development.

Stereotypic Movement Disorder: Manifested by repetitious behaviors, or patterns of behaviors, lacking in any obvious purpose. Behavior may include rocking and self-infliction of harm (biting or hitting).

Characterized by chronic, unexpected, quick, impromptu, nonfluid behaviors and/or vocalizations. In the case of Tourette's disorder, both motor and vocal tics are present concurrently; whereas in persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder, motor and vocal tics occur separately.

Indicated by repeated instances of lacking adequate social or interpersonal skills, accompanied by acute uneasiness with, and diminished ability to, maintain close relationships. Condition is manifested by early adulthood and is further characterized by perceptual distortions and odd thinking, speech, beliefs, and behavior.

Enduring delusions that may be accompanied by non-prominent hallucinations pertinent to the nature of the delusion itself. Func-toning is not significantly affected apart from behaviors specifically related to delusions. Behavior generally does not appear to be odd or peculiar. Types of delusions may be erotomanic, grandiose, persecutory, jealous, somatic, mixed, or unspecified.

Characterized by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized incoherent speech, or grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. Duration of condition is between 1 day and 1 month.

At least two of the following symptoms are manifested for a period lasting between 1 and 6 months: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized incoherent speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms such as reduced emotional expressiveness or volition.

At least two of the following symptoms are manifested for a period lasting at least 6 months: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized incoherent speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms such as reduced emotional expressiveness or volition. Condition has had a significant negative impact on ability to function in areas such as occupation, academia, interpersonal, or self-care.

An illness characterized by a continuous period wherein the major symptoms of schizophrenia are present and for the majority of the duration of the condition major mood (depressive or manic) episodes are present.

Evidenced by the manifestation of the symptoms of psychotic disorder during or soon after exposure to a substance or medication, or withdrawal therefrom.

Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition: Condition is the direct consequence of another medical condition.

Indicated by the presence of three or more of the following: stupor, catalepsy, waxy flexibility, mutism, negativism, posturing, mannerism, stereotypy, agitation, grimacing, echolalia, echopraxia.

Characterized by the following episodes:

Manic Episode: A period of greatly elevated persistent heightened mood characterized by increased activity, energy, or irritability lasting at least a week; characterized by the presence of at least three of the following: grandiosity, insomnia, garrulous-ness, incoherent disconnected rapid successions of thoughts, difficulty in paying attention and focusing, agitation, restlessness, increase in goal-directed activity, excessive engagement in unrestrained behaviors with a high likelihood of negative outcomes (e.g., compulsive shopping, gambling, entering into high-risk business ventures).

Hypomanic Episode: Similar to manic episode, but period lasts at least 4 consecutive days.

Major Depressive Episode: Indicated by the presence of at least five of the following during a sustained 2-week period: persistent negative mood, diminished satisfaction or pleasure from engaging in nearly all activities, significant weight loss, chronic insomnia or hypersomnia, agitation, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, difficulty concentrating and focusing, suicidal ideation.

Conditions for a current or previous hypomanic episode are met and the conditions for a current or previous major depressive disorder must also be met.

For a period of at least 2 years, the symptoms of hypomania and depression have appeared numerous times; however, the criteria for a hypomanic episode or major depressive episode have not been satisfied. During the 2-year interval, hypomanic and depressive periods have occurred at least half the time and the patient has not been symptom free for more than 2 months at a time.